Productions and injections of fluids in rocks can induce significant earthquakes. Induced seismicity is observed by hydraulic fracturing of shale and stimulation of enhanced geothermal systems. Earthquakes can be caused by long-term developments of oil and gas fields. Understanding and monitoring of fluid-induced seismicity is necessary for controlling its seismic risk. The talk  provides an overview of physical and geomechanical fundamentals of the seismic hazard, of approaches to its control and of various relevant case studies.