Recognizing the challenges of upscaling from simple elements or simple lab models to large scale earth systems has been around for over a century now. Actually, we must recognize that there are 3 different upscaling issues:

Upscaling dimensions – space and time

Upscaling inter-property relations – e.g. perm vs elasticity

Upscaling physics rules – e.g. material and stress rotations

In this talk I will review some specific upscaling issues

--From a pore to porous system

--From 2 grains in contact to grain packs

--From pressure solution at a contact to stylolites

--From Anderson/Mohr Coulomb to distributed faulting